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  • The tails of a The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Fulcrum) fighter jet and an Antonov An-124 Ruslan transporter are seen visiting the 1988 Farnborough Air Show. The insignia of the era, a red star and hammer and sickle are clearly seen on the aircraft, just over a year before the collapse of Communism with the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Mikoyan MiG-29 or "Fulcrum" is a fourth-generation jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union for an air superiority role. Developed in the 1970s by the Mikoyan design bureau, it entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1983, and remains in use by the Russian Air Force as well as in many other nations.
    soviet_aircraft01-11-07-1988_1_1.jpg
  • A detail from the oversized artwork entitled Brotherhood Kiss (Bruderkuss) by Dmitry Vrubel that once adorned a section of the notorious Berlin Wall in western Germany Russian. The two men are kissing on the lips, one of the most iconic paintings that symbolised a divided Europe during the Cold War. The Communist Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev kisses his East German (DDR) counterpart Erich Honecker, which was ultimately copied on to coffee cups and T-shirts across the world before being destroyed by the authorities. The artist was angry but he says he will paint a new image which was derived from a photograph of the two leaders taken 1979 but became a potent symbol of Communism's corruption and ultimate failure.
    berlin_wall_gallery05-06-04-2013_1.jpg
  • A picture of Mao Zedong and other Chinese Communist Party leaders hang on the Chairman's former bedroom at his home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds to conquer China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan006.jpg
  • On the edge of an old Soviet parade ground, peeling murals show the physical style of Russian marching techniques seen in this army boot camp in the former East German peninsular called Halbinsel Wustrow near Rostock. For the benefit of recruits or as a reminder of Soviet discipline, the picture shows soldiers marching in that unmistakable goose-stepping style reminiscent of the Nazi era, with high forward kicks and a strenuous arm movement to the chest as seen in iconic May Day celebrations in Red Square. Wustrow was once a WW2 German anti-aircraft artillery position then housed civilian refugees before the eventual Soviet occupation of the former DDR during the Cold War, up until 1990 and the fall of communism and the Berlin Wall. The camp was ransacked and all its assets stripped before its desertion that summer and is a reminder of a fallen ideology
    russian_wustrow01-16-06_1990.jpg
  • A man rides past unfinished statues of Mao Zedong at the workshop of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer, near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009. The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan131.jpg
  • Workers craft a statue of Mao Zedong out of resin at the workshop of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer, near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The workers were once electricians.The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan108.jpg
  • A puppy sits next to a statue of Mao Zedong at the home of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer, near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan099.jpg
  • Mao statues and souvenirs stands in the home of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan092.jpg
  • Visitors offer a flower reef to a statue of Mao Zedong at the Statue Square near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan075.jpg
  • Visitors at the Statue Square near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan068.jpg
  • Visitors at the Statue Square near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan050.jpg
  • Tang Ruiren, founder of Mao's Family Restaurant chain, shows off some Mao souvenirs in one of her restaurants near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan048.jpg
  • Mao souvenirs in one of Tang Ruiren's Mao Family  Restaurants near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan040.jpg
  • Visitors outside of  Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan024.jpg
  • A stall owner stands next to Mao memorabilia on sale outside of  Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan022.jpg
  • Visitors walk past a picture of Mao Zeming, Mao Zedong's younger brother, in Zeming's bedroom at their former home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan014.jpg
  • A view of Mao Zedong's former home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan010.jpg
  • On the edge of an old Soviet parade ground, peeling murals show an instruction mural for guarding prison camps seen in this army boot camp in the former East German peninsular called Halbinsel Wustrow near Rostock. For the benefit of recruits or as reminders of Soviet discipline, the picture shows a soldier standing at the barbed wire of a generic Gulag holding his AK-47 weapon and dressed in fur hat and uniform from that era. Perhaps those training here were eventually to guard political prisoners though it is a reminder of a fallen ideology. Wustrow was once a WW2 German anti-aircraft artillery position then housed civilian refugees before the eventual Soviet occupation of the former DDR during the Cold War, up until 1990 and the fall of communism and the Berlin Wall. The camp was ransacked and all its assets stripped before its desertion that summer.
    russian_wustrow03-16-06_1990.jpg
  • On the edge of an old Soviet parade ground, peeling murals show the physical style of Russian marching techniques seen in this army boot camp in the former East German peninsular called Halbinsel Wustrow near Rostock. For the benefit of recruits or as reminders of Soviet discipline, the picture shows a soldier marching in that unmistakable goose-stepping style reminiscent of the Nazi era, with high forward kicks and a strenuous arm movement to the chest as seen in iconic May Day celebrations in Red Square. Wustrow was once a WW2 German anti-aircraft artillery position then housed civilian refugees before the eventual Soviet occupation of the former DDR during the Cold War, up until 1990 and the fall of communism and the Berlin Wall. The camp was ransacked and all its assets stripped before its desertion that summer and is a reminder of a fallen ideology
    russian_wustrow02-16-06_1990.jpg
  • A detail from the oversized artwork entitled Brotherhood Kiss (Bruderkuss) by Dmitry Vrubel that once adorned a section of the notorious Berlin Wall in western Germany Russian. The two men are kissing on the lips, one of the most iconic paintings that symbolised a divided Europe during the Cold War. The Communist Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev kisses his East German (DDR) counterpart Erich Honecker, which was ultimately copied on to coffee cups and T-shirts across the world before being destroyed by the authorities. The artist was angry but he says he will paint a new image which was derived from a photograph of the two leaders taken 1979 but became a potent symbol of Communism's corruption and ultimate failure.
    berlin_wall_gallery01-06-04-2013_1.jpg
  • A workers looks up at a statue of Mao Zedong at the workshop of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer, near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The workers were once electricians. The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan122.jpg
  • Mao statues and souvenirs stands in the home of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan094.jpg
  • Mao statues and souvenirs stands in the home of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan093.jpg
  • Visitors kowtow to a statue of Mao Zedong at the Statue Square near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan070.jpg
  • Tang Ruiren, founder of Mao's Family Restaurant chain, shows off some Mao souvenirs in one of her restaurants near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan045.jpg
  • Mao memorabilia on sale outside of  Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan020.jpg
  • An elderly woman touches a door ornament for supposed good fortune at Mao Zedong's former home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan017.jpg
  • Visitors walk through Mao Zedong's bedroom at his former home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan007.jpg
  • A detail from the oversized artwork entitled Brotherhood Kiss (Bruderkuss) by Dmitry Vrubel that once adorned a section of the notorious Berlin Wall in western Germany Russian. Two seemingly gay men are kissing on the lips but this is one of the most famous paintings – a symbol of a divided Europe during the Cold War. It shows Communist Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev kissing his East German (DDR) counterpart Erich Honecker, which was ultimately copied on to coffee cups and T-shirts across the world before being destroyed by the authorities. The artist was angry but he says he will paint a new image which was derived from a photograph of the two leaders taken 1979 but became a potent symbol of Communism's corruption and ultimate failure.
    berlin_wall_kiss-04-11-1990_1.jpg
  • Workers move a statue of Mao Zedong at the workshop of a "Red" memorabilia collector and manufacturer, near Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The workers were once electricians. The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan120.jpg
  • Mao souvenirs in one of Tang Ruiren's Mao Family   Restaurants near the birthplace of Mao Zedong, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan042.jpg
  • A picture of Mao Zeming, Mao Zedong's younger brother, hangs in Zeming's bedroom at their former home and birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China on 12 August 2009.  The village of Shaoshan, in rural Hunan Province, is tiny in size but big in name. It was the childhood home for Mao Zedong, the controversial revolutionary who came from obscurity but eventually defied all odds conquered China in the name of communism. Now his home, a sacred place among China's official propaganda, is in reality a microcosm of the country itself: part commercialism, part superstition, with a dash of communist ideological flavor.
    QS090812Shaoshan013.jpg
  • 9th September Place. Sophia, Bulgaria. April 1989
    4749_35_1.jpg
  • Georgi Dimitrou Mausuleum. Sophia, Bulgaria. April 1989
    4746_20_1.jpg
  • Momiclgrad. A town prodominantly occupied by ethnic turks who have reisted the authorities attempts at enforced assimilation to be met with force and deportations. Bulgaria, April 1989.
    4753_8_1.jpg
  • Mladost housing estate on the outskirts of Sophia, Bulgaria. April 1989
    4745_9_1.jpg
  • Family celebration. Sophia, Bulgaria. April 1989
    4743_29_1.jpg
  • Skater riding a tram through central Sophia. Bulgaria. April 1989
    4754_28_1.jpg
  • Monument to Lenin. Sophia, Bulgaria. April 1989
    4731_11_1.jpg
  • A year after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Communist Eastern Bloc, a cigarette brand marketing lady  hands out promos for Prince of Denmark and photographs unhappy-looking former east Germans with a Polaroid camera in Leipzigs town square, on 4th November 1990, in Leipzig, Germany.
    90s_germany-15-06-1990_11.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_C_006.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_B_016.jpg
  • As crowds of supporters and protesters line the Mall in central London, Chinese leader Xi Jinping starts off his state visit to Britain. There is much attached to Anglo-Sino relations and this series of trade and diplomatic events is of great importance to the UK government in terms of new business and investment. Protesters however, voiced their distaste at human rights issues for dissenters and of the occupation of Tibet.
    xi_jinping_visit27-20-10-2015_1.jpg
  • Where young Germans once risked their lives, graffiti and tags now adorn the concrete surfaces of original sections of the Berlin wall at the East Side Gallery on Muhlenstrasse, Berlin. The site is the former border between Communist East and West Berlin during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    berlin_wall_gallery13-08-04-2013_1.jpg
  • Aerial landscape of Bernauer Strasse, showing a section of preserved Berlin wall where East Germans were killed while trying to cross the former border between Communist East and West Berlin during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    berlin_wall_bernauer03-07-04-2013_1.jpg
  • ID papers for an anonymous secret agent from Cottbus, Germany, an exhibit in the ministerial headquarters of the Stasi secret police in Communist East Germany, the GDR. Built in 1960, the complex now known as the Stasi Museum. Between 1950 and 1989, the Stasi employed a total of 274,000 people in an effort to root out the class enemy. Before the fall of the Wall, it was a 22-hectare complex of espionage whose centrepiece is the office and working quarters of the former Minister of State Security, Erich Mielke who considered their role as the 'shield and sword of the party', conducting one of the world's most efficient spying operations against its political dissenters during its 40-year old socialist history. The Stasi Museum is a 22-hectare complex of research  and memorial centre concerning the political system of the former East Germany.
    berlin_stasi_museum07-07-04-2013_1.jpg
  • Coca Dai (right)  sits in his limousine with his best man on his way to pick up his bride in Shanghai, China on 23 May 2009. A hip street artist and a recent Catholic convert, Mr. Dai is one of many young Chinese embracing religion, perhaps to fill the lack of belief and ideology in an authoritarian communist China that embraces the most extreme form of capitalism in practice. The Chinese government and the Vatican have a long history of simmering mutual distrust and suspicion, as two parties compete for the control of the Chinese Catholic church, with some 15 million and growing number of faithfuls.  Overall Christians now number over 110 million in China, which makes it the third largest Christian nation in the world.
    QS090523Shanghai013.jpg
  • Zeng Shao Lin, 43, a housewife and her husband, Yang Wei Jun, 42 a driver for a Hong Kong company have a son, Yang Heng who is 12 and at junior school. They live in Shenzhen. Shao Lin suffers from depression and feels this is because she and her husband were unable to afford the fine (around £32,000 - the equivalent of several years salary) they would have had to pay to have another child. ..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_02_1.jpg
  • A large banner Chinese flag hangs over a pedestrian on the eve of the handover of sovereignty from Britain to China, on 30th June 1997, in Hong Kong, China. Midnight signified the end of British rule, and the transfer of legal and financial authority back to China. Hong Kong was once known as fragrant harbour or Heung Keung because of the smell of transported sandal wood.
    hong_kong03-30-06-1997.jpg
  • A year after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Communist Eastern Bloc, are the partially-collapsed ballustrade and porch of a semi-derelict German house, on 4th November 1990, in Leipzig, Germany.
    90s_germany-15-06-1990_10.jpg
  • A year after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Communist Eastern Bloc era, pro-Communist Germans carrying Soviet and DDR flags march in Berlin, on 4th November 1990, in Berlin, Germany.
    90s_germany-15-06-1990_4.jpg
  • The red Chinese national flag hangs outside the Bank of China on Lothbury Street EC2 in the City of London - the capitals financial district, on 21st August 2018, in London, England. At a time when economic and property investment agreements between Britain and China were confirmed, the Chinese communist states presence in the UK capital is becoming more obvious.
    bank_of_china-03-21-08-2018.jpg
  • Russians and Russian-speakers from around the Russian Federation and former Soviet states such as the Baltics and of all generations, celebrate Victory Day, the annual commemoration remembering the sacrifice of Red Army heroes who defeated facism during WW2 - marching through the heart of British government in Whitehall, Parliament Square and ending outside Parliament itself, on 9th May 2018, in London, England.
    russians_victory_day-14-09-05-2018.jpg
  • Russians and Russian-speakers from around the Russian Federation and former Soviet states such as the Baltics and of all generations, celebrate Victory Day, the annual commemoration remembering the sacrifice of Red Army heroes who defeated facism during WW2 - marching through the heart of British government in Whitehall, Parliament Square and ending outside Parliament itself, on 9th May 2018, in London, England.
    russians_victory_day-16-09-05-2018.jpg
  • Members of the Communist Party of Great Britain gather with the face of Soviet leader Josef Stalin on banners in Trafalgar Square during the traditional May Day celebrations in the capital, on 1st May 2018, in London, England.
    may_day_communists-15-01-05-2018.jpg
  • Members of the Communist Party of Great Britain gather with the faces of Karl Marx and Soviet leader Josef Stalin on banners in Trafalgar Square during the traditional May Day celebrations in the capital, on 1st May 2018, in London, England.
    may_day_communists-05-01-05-2018.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_C_005.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_C_003.jpg
  • MLKP Marxist-Leninist Communist Party red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_B_019.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_B_015.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_B_007.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_A_031.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_A_024.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain red flags during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_A_025.jpg
  • Communist Party of Great Britain during May Day celebrations in London, England, United Kingdom. Demonstration by unions and other organisations of workers to mark the annual May Day or Labour Day. Groups from all nationalities from around the World, living in London gathered to march to a rally in central London to mark the global workers day.
    20180501_may day demo_A_003.jpg
  • Stalinist architecture in Letna Park Letenske Sady, on 18th March, 2018, in Prague, the Czech Republic. Up until it was destroyed by Soviet leader Nikita Kruschev, the largest statue to Stalin in the entire Eastern Bloc was located here. It is now a favourite place skateboard park, dog walkers and families.
    prague-127-19-03-2018.jpg
  • Stalinist architecture in Letna Park Letenske Sady, on 18th March, 2018, in Prague, the Czech Republic. Up until it was destroyed by Soviet leader Nikita Kruschev, the largest statue to Stalin in the entire Eastern Bloc was located here. It is now a favourite place skateboard park, dog walkers and families.
    prague-31-18-03-2018.jpg
  • Six months after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a young man sells memorabilia and merchandise from the former DDR DGR at a market stall near the Brandenburg Gate, on 1st June 1990, in Berlin, Germany.
    selling_DDR-01-06-1990.jpg
  • Six months after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the last Trabant cars await buyers outside the factory production line, on 1st June 1990, in Zwickau, eastern Germany former DDR. The DDR-produced Trabant suffered poor performance, but its smoky two-stroke engine regarded with affection as a symbol of the more positive sides of East Germany. Many East Germans streamed into West Berlin and West Germany in their Trabants after the opening of the Berlin Wall. It was in production without any significant change for nearly 30 years. The name Trabant means fellow traveler in German.
    DDR_trabant-01-06-1990_2.jpg
  • Poster of Fidel Castro lit in neon lights with his proclamation The Revolution, it can never be crushed!, July 1984,  Havanna, Cuba. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. He was loved by most of the people as a champion of socialism and anti-imperialism whose revolutionary regime advanced economic and social justice while securing Cubas independence from American imperialism.
    _E6A4484_1.jpg
  • As crowds of supporters and protesters line the Mall in central London, Chinese leader Xi Jinping starts off his state visit to Britain. There is much attached to Anglo-Sino relations and this series of trade and diplomatic events is of great importance to the UK government in terms of new business and investment. Protesters however, voiced their distaste at human rights issues for dissenters and of the occupation of Tibet.
    xi_jinping_visit18-20-10-2015_1.jpg
  • Maoist cadre at a rally in Dolakha, Nepal
    sfe_010701_0010.jpg
  • Shipbuilders manhandle heavy piping up a ramp of stairs as another worker's sparks from welding falls below on the hull of a large German ferry at the Polish Gdansk shipyard - once known as the Lenin Shipyard but still the largest of its kind in modern Poland. The grimy and hazardous working conditions make for a dangerous environment in which to work. Here in 1980 the union Solidarity (Solidarnosc) was conceived and was partly responsible for a growing dissent against Communist rule, ultimately contributing towards the fall of the Berlin Wall. Lech Walesa started his political career as an electrical technician here, going on to lead Solidarity and then to become President of a democratic Poland. Today Gdansk is a major industrial city and shipping port.
    RB-0019.jpg
  • Old Communist graffiti adorns the walls of a crumbling building as an elderly lady walks past. Heroic but peeling portraits and slogans adorn the plater wall reminder passers-by of previous era when Portuguese politics were more turbulent. The Portuguese Communist Party is a major left-wing political party in Portugal. It is a Marxist-Leninist party  based upon democratic centralism. The party was founded in 1921 but made illegal after a coup in the late 1920s. The PCP played a major role in the opposition to the dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. After the bloodless Carnation Revolution in 1974 which overthrew the 48-year regime, the 36 members of party's Central Committee had, in the aggregate, experienced more than 300 years in jail.
    lisbon8-21-03-1994.jpg
  • Seen from St Catherine's Church in the old city of Gdansk, Poland, the famously sprawling shipyard is seen from across the city's old housing and trees. Once known as the Lenin Shipyard but still the largest of its kind in modern Poland. Here in 1980 the union Solidarity (Solidarnosc) was conceived and was partly responsible for a growing dissent against Communist rule, ultimately contributing towards the fall of the Berlin Wall. Lech Walesa started his political career as an electrical technician here, going on to lead Solidarity and then to become President of a democratic Poland. Today Gdansk is a major industrial city and shipping port.
    gdansk_shipyard09-03-09-2007_1.jpg
  • Two shipbuilders chat beneath the heavy lifting cranes at the Polish Gdansk shipyard - once known as the Lenin Shipyard but still the largest of its kind in modern Poland. The grimy and hazardous working conditions make for a dangerous environment in which to work and the two men in the foreground and those behind, wear bright yellow hard hats, protecting them from steel edges and rusting machinery. Here in 1980 the union Solidarity (Solidarnosc) was conceived and was partly responsible for a growing dissent against Communist rule, ultimately contributing towards the fall of the Berlin Wall. Lech Walesa started his political career as an electrical technician here, going on to lead Solidarity and then to become President of a democratic Poland. Today Gdansk is a major industrial city and shipping port.
    gdansk_shipyard07-03-09-2007_1.jpg
  • The Chinese national flag hangs from the Bank of China's offices in the City of London, England UK. Red traffic lights and the red of the flag a similar. At a time when economic and property investment agreements between Britain and China were confirmed, the Chinese communist state's presence in the UK capital is becoming more obvious.
    china_london18-18-10-2013_1.jpg
  • An outdoor exhibition panel near the former Checkpoint Charlie, the former border between Communist East and West Berlin during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    checkpoint_charlie_tourists06-05-04-...jpg
  • Visitors learning about the Berlin Wall read outdoor exhibition panels near the former Checkpoint Charlie, the former border between Communist East and West Berlin during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    checkpoint_charlie_tourists02-05-04-...jpg
  • The faces and names of those killed while trying to cross  Berlin Wall, the former border between Communist East and West Berlin during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    berlin_wall_victims02-07-04-2013_1.jpg
  • Desk in the preserved office of former Minister in charge of GDR secret police chief, Erich Mielke - an exhibit in 'Haus 1' the ministerial headquarters of the Stasi secret police in Communist East Germany, the GDR. Built in 1960, the complex now known as the Stasi Museum. Before the fall of the Wall, it was a 22-hectare complex of espionage whose centrepiece is the office and working quarters of the former Minister of State Security, Mielke who considered their role as the 'shield and sword of the party', conducting one of the world's most efficient spying operations against its political dissenters during its 40-year old socialist history. After the fall of the socialist state, Mielke was sentenced to 6 years in prison and died in 2000, aged 92.
    berlin_stasi_museum29-07-04-2013_1.jpg
  • Socialist wall thermometer in preserved office of former Minister in charge of GDR secret police chief, Erich Mielke - an exhibit in 'Haus 1' the ministerial headquarters of the Stasi secret police in Communist East Germany, the GDR. Built in 1960, the complex now known as the Stasi Museum. Before the fall of the Wall, it was a 22-hectare complex of espionage whose centrepiece is the office and working quarters of the former Minister of State Security, Mielke who considered their role as the 'shield and sword of the party', conducting one of the world's most efficient spying operations against its political dissenters during its 40-year old socialist history. After the fall of the socialist state, Mielke was sentenced to 6 years in prison and died in 2000, aged 92.
    berlin_stasi_museum23-07-04-2013_1.jpg
  • A painted section of the old Berlin wall standing in a pedestrian precinct, near Checkpoint Charlie in central Berlin. The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the Communist German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
    bderlin_wall01-05-04-2013_1.jpg
  • Workers add on surveillance cameras in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, on 10 December 2011.  Tiananmen Square is considered the symbolic center of all China, it's significance is not lost on China's current leaders as it tightens its security and surveillance of the area to spot potential "trouble makers"
    QS111210Beijing145.jpg
  • Visitors walk under a portrait of Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) at the Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, on 10 December 2011.  Tiananmen Square is considered the symbolic center of all China, it's significance is not lost on China's current leaders as it tightens its security and surveillance of the area to spot potential "trouble makers"
    QS111210Beijing129.jpg
  • Playing cards featuring a mix of revolutionary figures (Mao Zedong), Japanese pornography starlets, Hollywood movies and sports starts sit in a shop in Tianzifang in Shanghai, China on 09 November, 2011. Once a crowded old neighborhood located in the heart of Shanghai's former French concession, Tianzifang is now a popular tourist and leisure spot with a tightly knit group of restaurants, cafes, and shops.
    QS111109Shanghai021.jpg
  • New apartment building developments seen standing behind propaganda for the Chinese Communist Party in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China on 25 October, 2011. As China's central government shows no intention to loosen its policy restrictions on the housing market despite 4 consecutive  months of price drops,  local governments must find a way to repay the 10.7 trillion yuan ($1.7 trillion) in debt as their land sale revenue dropped 13 percent from the previous year and with no end in sight.
    QS111025Kunshan039.jpg
  • A woman wearing a Hello Kitty apron eats a bowl of noodles at a market in Zhujiao Township, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, China on 02 March, 2011.  Chuzhou is the city where Dongdaxu Village is located, the ancestral home of current Chinese vice premier Li Keqiang, slated to be the next premier and the man in charge of China's economic transformation
    QS110302Chuzhou034.jpg
  • A man looks at geese on sale at a market in Zhujiao Township, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, China on 02 March, 2011.  Chuzhou is the city where Dongdaxu Village is located, the ancestral home of current Chinese vice premier Li Keqiang, slated to be the next premier and the man in charge of China's economic transformation
    QS110302Chuzhou026.jpg
  • A man eats a bowl of dumplings at a night market in Chuzhou, Anhui Province, China on 02 March, 2011.  Chuzhou is the city where Dongdaxu Village is located, the ancestral home of current Chinese vice premier Li Keqiang, slated to be the next premier and the man in charge of China's economic transformation.
    QS110302Chuzhou017.jpg
  • A chicken walks past a wall that is covered with communist and patriotic slogans in the village of Duntang, in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, China, on 03 June, 2010. One says "to use Marxism to occupy the rural battlefield", another says "uphold the socialist path".  Duntang was connected to the main electricity grid and began to receive regular supply of electricity only since the beginning of 2009.
    QS100603Daoxian067.jpg
  • Chinese copy of Mao Zedong's famous Little Red Book for sale at a stall on Dong Tai Road (Dongtai Lu) street market. Sitting on top of an old (fake) copy of a 1920's cigarette poster. This small area is lined with shops and the streets covered with stalls selling artifacts from Shanghai's past. There are many colonial pieces which tend to be genuine, and some genuine Chinese antiques which can be very expensive. But there is also a lot of fakes for sale too. Usually snapped up by tourists who are under the impression they are getting a bargain.
    2005-07-02 shanghai 123_alamy_1.jpg
  • Wan Yuanxiu, 39 is a farmer. She lives with her son, Xi Chuanjun, 6 in Guangxi province. Her husband is a removal man in the city and only comes home a few times a year. She has another son, now 20, from her first husband who died nine years ago and is now sterilsied. In some provinces, after a woman has had a child, and certainly more than one, she will often be summoned to a clinic to be sterilized by the authorities. ..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_49_1.jpg
  • Huang Jen, a soldier, 24 and his wife Ha Ping, also 24 have a daughter Huang She, 2. They are pictured here on the banks of the River Li, in Fulli Town Village, Guangxi province. Because they had a girl first and live in the countryside, they will be able to try for another baby when their daughter is two...Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_45_1.jpg
  • Sun Linang, 30 is a single, full-time mother to her daughter Du Jing Peng, 5. They are pictured at the 'Spendid China? miniature village park in Shenzhen, where they live. Linang is divorced but would like to find a new partner, ideally with no children of his own so that if they decided to have one together, they would not have to pay...Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_43_1.jpg
  • Shu Tia Chen, 32 an accountant and her husband, Gan Yafei, 33 a project manager for IBN and their son, Gan Muze, 3, They live in  in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. ?People who have more than one child don't care about their jobs. We know people in the West think the one child policy is an abuse of human rights? says Yafei  ?but in developing countries there are more important things to worry about- like putting food on the table."..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly. .
    china_onechild_34_1.jpg
  • Wan Yuanxiu, 39 is a farmer. She lives with her son, Xi Chuanjun, 6 in Guangxi province. Her husband is a removal man in the city and only comes home a few times a year. She has another son, now 20, from her first husband who died nine years ago and is now sterilsied. In some provinces, after a woman has had a child, and certainly more than one, she will often be summoned to a clinic to be sterilized by the authorities. ..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_30_1.jpg
  • Shu Tia Chen, 32 an accountant and her husband, Gan Yafei, 33 a project manager for IBN and their son, Gan Muze, 3, They live in  in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. ?People who have more than one child don't care about their jobs. We know people in the West think the one child policy is an abuse of human rights? says Yafei  ?but in developing countries there are more important things to worry about- like putting food on the table."..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly. .
    china_onechild_29_1.jpg
  • Gao Wen Hong, 41, is CEO of a cosmetics company. Her husband, Wang Wei, also 41, is the director. They have one daughter, Wang YingChen, 7 who is top of the class at her primary school which has the best results in Beijing. Wen Hong says she prefers to have only one child so she can put all her resources into her. ..Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_26_1.jpg
  • Du Jing Peng, 5 photographed at Splendid China miniature village theme park in Shenzhen, ..Sun Linang, 30 is a single, full-time mother to her daughter Du Jing Peng, 5. Linang is divorced but would like to find a new partner, ideally with no children of his own so that if they decided to have one together, they would not have to pay...Its over thirty years (1978) since the Mao's Chinese government brought in the One Child Policy in a bid to control the world's biggest, growing population. It has been successful, in controlling growth, but has led to other problems. E.G. a gender in-balance with a projected 30 million to many boys babies; Labour shortages and a lack of care for the elderly.
    china_onechild_15_1.jpg
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