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  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A2829.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2721.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2746.jpg
  • A typical strip farming landscape in Botiza, Maramures, Romania. In the Romanian Carpathians, the agricultural landscape consists of a diverse mixture of small fields, meadows and orchards situated around villages, interspersed with forest and woodlands.
    60-7_1.jpg
  • A young girl wearing a headskarf in the remote Akha Nuquie village of Ban Peryenxangmai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Whilst there is a small primary school in Ban Peryenxangmai not all children are able to attend as their parents cannot afford the fees and need them to work at home or take care of younger siblings.
    A0029008cc_1.jpg
  • A pregnant White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019686cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman wearing her traditional clothing harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019665cc_1.jpg
  • A view of the Mouchi ethnic minority village of Ban Terka, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.
    A0018945cc_1.jpg
  • Two Khmu ethnic minority women planting rice seeds in an upland field. In slash and burn cultivation, the man (usually) walks round the land with a big stick making small indentations in the soil. The woman follows behind throwing from quite a height and with incredible precision, a handful of rice into the hole.  When it next rains the soil will wash into the hole and cover the rice.
    A0017036cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0016827cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0016705cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha subsistence farmer scores opium poppies in an upland field in remote Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. After the petals fall from the opium poppy, the heads are incised with a 4 bladed tool; the tool is used to score the skin lightly from top to bottom. During the day, the sap oozes out of the cuts and hangs in tears on the poppy head. The next day the sap is then scraped into a metal container. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
    A0016460cc_1.jpg
  • A field shelter in an upland field of opium poppies in remote Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR.  As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
    A0016394cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha Oma man from Ban Na Nam village harvests his hill rice. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A_11316cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026229cc_1.jpg
  • The winding road to Zhongdian (Shangri-La), Yunnan Province, China.
    A0009487_1.jpg
  • Landscape view in the northern mountainous region of Yunnan province looking towards a valley with villages and a lake.
    328-05_1.jpg
  • A view of the flowering rhododendrons and Buddhist prayers flags on the hillside outside the Brokpa ethnic minority village of Merak, Eastern Bhutan
    DSCF5659cc_1.jpg
  • An early morning winter landscape in the Haa valley, Western Bhutan.
    A0028782cc_1.jpg
  • The view of Muirhouse farm, Stow village and the surrounding hills on 3rd of January 2021 in Stow, Scottish Borders, United Kingdom. Much of the Scottish Borders is farmland on rolling hills. The A7 runs throughStow and the valley to and from Edinburgh to the North.
    3E9A1446.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1576.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1545.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 28th December 2020 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1002.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 28th December 2020 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A0979.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A3000.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2761.jpg
  • A farmer drives through a wind farm with his load in the Scottish Borders, 25th of January 2021, Scotland, United Kingdom. It has been snowing in recent days and the ground is covered in white. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashield in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2871.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A2847.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2682.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2463.jpg
  • The farm hills in the Scottish Borders are covered in fresh snow on the 23rd of January 2021, Scotland, United Kingdom. The Borders is farmland the fields lie mostly empty during winter time.
    3E9A2109.jpg
  • A landscape view of farmland and rolling hills of Shan State, Myanamar (Burma)
    A0014516cc_1.jpg
  • Winter agricultural landscape close by to the village of Botiza, Maramures, Romania. In the Romanian Carpathians, the agricultural landscape consists of a diverse mixture of small fields, meadows and orchards situated around villages, interspersed with forest and woodlands.
    140-02_1.jpg
  • View of Botiza village, Maramures, Romania. In the Romanian Carpathians, the agricultural landscape consists of a diverse mixture of small fields, meadows and orchards situated around villages, interspersed with forest and woodlands.
    48-16_1.jpg
  • Ricefields along the main road from Sam Tai to Muang Kuan during rainy season, Houaphan province, Lao PDR
    DSCF2313cc_1.jpg
  • Typical landscape view of Houaphan province with bamboo forests and swidden rice fields, Lao PDR. The terrain of Houaphan province is rugged, with dense mountainous forest forming much of the province, particularly on the western side bordering Vietnam. Bamboo is important in rural parts of the province and used as a principal building material and the women collect bamboo shoots both for food and for sale. In Viengxay district there are two bamboo processing factories which produce items such as floormats, fences, chopsticks and toothpicks for the Vietnamese market.
    DSCF2293cc_1.jpg
  • A road sign depicting a winding road in a mountainous region of Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.
    DSCF2258cc_1.jpg
  • 'The Green Season', swidden rice fields in Houaphan province, Lao PDR.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0026756cc_1.jpg
  • Tea plantation in the Phunoi village of Ban Phou Soum, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. For a long time, Komaen was the only important tea plantation Phongsaly province. However, since the 1990’s when the government decided to put an end to slash and burn rice and opium growing, tea was developed as a commercial crop. The Chinese demand for tea was great, and so tea became an important resource for Phongsaly province.
    A0026107cc_1.jpg
  • Weeding around the tea bushes in the Phunoi village of Ban Phou Soum, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. For a long time, Komaen was the only important tea plantation in the province. However, since the 1990’s when the government decided to put an end to slash and burn rice and opium growing, tea was developed as a commercial crop. The Chinese demand for tea was great, and so tea became an important resource for Phongsaly province.
    A0026108cc_1.jpg
  • A recently harvested upland rice field, Ban Cha Wang, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019913cc_1.jpg
  • A young boy runs through the Akha Cherpia ethnic minority village of Ban Cha Wang, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Remote and isolated and accessible only by motorcycle or on foot, Ban Cha Wang has recently received electricity for the first time from solar panels.
    A0019780cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman taking a break from collecting the harvested glutinous rice on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019748cc_1.jpg
  • A young Akha Pouli ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019596cc_1.jpg
  • A young Akha Pouli ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019587rtcc_1.jpg
  • The rice stems are cut and let dry for 3 to 5 days in the upland fields, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. On the northern uplands of Laos alone, farmers are said to grow more than 500 different varieties of glutinous rice.  Such seed biodiversity testifies to the continued vibrancy of Laos’ traditional subsistence rice culture which relies more on indigenous seeds rather than on a few high-yielding hybrid varieties favoured by rice exporting countries like Thailand and Vietnam.
    A0019586cc_1.jpg
  • 'The Green Season', a swidden rice field almost ready for harvesting Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019065cc_1.jpg
  • 'The Green Season', a swidden rice field almost ready for harvesting near the Ko Pala village of Honglerk, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0018990cc_1.jpg
  • Rice seeds planted in an upland rice field in the Khmu ethnic minority village of Ban Lad Kok, Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR. In slash and burn cultivation, the man walks around the land with a big stick making small indentations in the soil. The woman follows behind throwing from quite a height and with incredible precision, a handful of rice into the hole.  When it next rains the soil will wash into the hole and cover the rice.
    A0017080cc_1.jpg
  • A Khmu ethnic minority woman with a handful of rice seeds ready to plant in an upland field. In slash and burn cultivation, the man walks round the land with a big stick making small indentations in the soil. The woman follows behind throwing from quite a height and with incredible precision, a handful of rice into the hole.  When it next rains the soil will wash into the hole and cover the rice.
    A0017048cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0016843cc_1.jpg
  • An early morning misty forest landscape in Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Phongsaly Province is one of the remotest of the Lao PDR provinces and is dominated by rugged, mountainous terrain and an abundance of thick forests. In the 1950s, forests covered 70 percent of the land area of Laos; but by 1992, according to government estimates, forest coverage had already decreased to just 47 percent. Despite the dwindling forest, timber and other forestry products constitute a valuable supply of potential export goods. The forest has also been an important source of wild foods, herbal medicines and timber for house construction for local people.
    A0016694cc_1.jpg
  • A Phunoi ethnic minority subsistence farmer accompanied by her young son clears her land by slashing and burning to grow hill rice and coffee as a cash crop in Ban Sinesai; Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The practise is gradually being taken over by the planting of permanent cash crops such as coffee.
    A0016610cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha subsistence farmer scores opium poppies in an upland field in remote Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. After the petals fall from the opium poppy, the heads are incised with a 4 bladed tool; the tool is used to score the skin lightly from top to bottom. During the day, the sap oozes out of the cuts and hangs in tears on the poppy head. The next day the sap is then scraped into a metal container. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
    A0016484cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha subsistence farmer scores opium poppies in an upland field in remote Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. After the petals fall from the opium poppy, the heads are incised with a 4 bladed tool; the tool is used to score the skin lightly from top to bottom. During the day, the sap oozes out of the cuts and hangs in tears on the poppy head. The next day the sap is then scraped into a metal container. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
    A0016463cc_1.jpg
  • An upland field of opium poppies ready for harvesting in remote Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
    A0016420cc_1.jpg
  • An upland rice field in the 'green season', Vientiane Province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0011175cc_1.jpg
  • A partially harvested rice field, Ban Na Nam, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A_11304cc_1.jpg
  • A typical Lao rural landscape with rice fields and forests in Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR.
    45-11_1_1.jpg
  • Fallow fields, slash and burn landscape, Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. To rebuild the soil fertility after growing crops on a shifting cultivation plot, farmers ‘abandon’ that plot and allow vegetation to regrow for a number of years.  This is called the ‘fallow period’.  In the meantime, they grow crops on other new plots. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    20-02_1_1.jpg
  • Hmong women harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026218cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026340cc_1.jpg
  • A landscape view of recently harvest rice paddy fields in the Miao ethnic minority village of Langde, Guizhou province, China.
    118-03_1.jpg
  • As a cyclist pedals his way along a path, a man enjoys late afternoon sunshine in Brockwell Park, Herne Hill, London England. Seen from a central hill in this Victorian-designed open space, there are the terraced housing and larger tenement buildings behind that rise above the tree line in this undulating landscape. The person on the bicycle has been caught between two tree trunks as he approaches the man relaxing on the park bench and another pedestrian is seen further in the distance walking near a red car. It is scene of serenity among the urban sprawl of a capital city, where quiet places are precious and idyllic corners of greenery are highly-sought after. The Brockwell Hall Park Estate was created and landscaped in 1811. It was purchased for the people of Lambeth & Southwark and opened as a public park in 1892 by Lord Rosebery.
    RB_037-06-06-1990.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1593.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1584.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1567.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
    3E9A1532.jpg
  • The view of Muirhouse farm, Stow village and the surrounding hills on 3rd of January 2021 in Stow, Scottish Borders, United Kingdom. Much of the Scottish Borders is farmland on rolling hills. The A7 runs throughStow and the valley to and from Edinburgh to the North.
    3E9A1456.jpg
  • The view of Muirhouse farm, Stow village and the surrounding hills on 3rd of January 2021 in Stow, Scottish Borders, United Kingdom. Much of the Scottish Borders is farmland on rolling hills. The A7 runs throughStow and the valley to and from Edinburgh to the North.
    3E9A1455.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2906.jpg
  • Wind turbines harnessing the wind in the Scottish Borders on 25th of January 2021 in Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders.
    3E9A2800.jpg
  • The view at Old Winchester Hill National Nature Reserve, Hampshire, United Kingdom on 1st August 2017. Old Winchester Hill occupies a prominent and visually attractive site and is an ideal landscape for a wide range of plants and animals. Visitors can also join the South Downs Way
    DSCF1692cc.jpg
  • The view at Old Winchester Hill National Nature Reserve, Hampshire, United Kingdom on 1st August 2017. Old Winchester Hill occupies a prominent and visually attractive site and is an ideal landscape for a wide range of plants and animals. Visitors can also join the South Downs Way
    DSCF1708cc.jpg
  • Farmer standing in his field in the agricultural landscape of Cotabato province, Mindanao Island, The Philippines. In the Philippines climate change is contributing to an increase in the frequency and intensity of typhoons as well as a general rise in temperatures and rain leading to an increase in droughts, flash floods and landslides. This is having a huge impact on smallholder farmers who depend on one cash crop leaving them vulnerable to any changes in weather patterns. If their crops fail they are left with no other source of income for that year. In central Mindanao Oxfam is working with local partners and governments to increase awareness of climate change in poor communities and reduce the risks it creates to vulnerable farmers by supporting them in crop diversification.
    A0021993cc_1_1_1.jpg
  • A man on a motorbike struggles to drive along the muddy main road from Sam Tai to Muang Kuan during rainy season, Houaphan province, Lao PDR
    DSCF2310cc_1.jpg
  • A view of the bamboo forest close by to the Hmong village of Ban Pom Khor, Houaphan province, Lao PDR. The terrain of Houaphan province is rugged, with dense mountainous forest forming much of the province, particularly on the western side bordering Vietnam. Bamboo is important in rural parts of the province and used as a principal building material. The women collect bamboo shoots both for food and for sale. In Viengxay district there are two bamboo processing factories which produce items such as floormats, fences, chopsticks and toothpicks for the Vietnamese market.
    A0026678cc_1.jpg
  • Tea plantation in the Phunoi village of Ban Phou Soum, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. For a long time, Komaen was the only important tea plantation in the province. However, since the 1990’s when the government decided to put an end to slash and burn rice and opium growing, tea was developed as a commercial crop. The Chinese demand for tea was great, and so tea became an important resource for Phongsaly province.
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  • Upland landscape with rice fields, tea plantations and forests in Ban Phou Soum, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.
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  • After drying on the upland field for several days, an Akha Cherpia family thresh the rice sheaves to remove the grain which will then be put into sacks and carried back to the village. Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • A White Hmong ethnic minority family take a break from collecting the harvested glutinous rice on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
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  • Collecting and stacking the harvested glutinous rice in the White Hmong village of Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. The rice stems are cut and let dry for 3 to 5 days in the fields. If threshing has to wait for several days, until the end of the harvest, the sheaves are then put together in stacks, with the ears towards the inside, before threshing them in the field.
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  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019728cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019715cc_1.jpg
  • A pregnant White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
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  • 'The Green Season', a swidden rice field almost ready for harvesting Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • 'The Green Season', a swidden rice field almost ready for harvesting Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • 'The Sea of Clouds', Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. Phongsaly Province is one of the remotest of the Lao PDR provinces and is dominated by rugged, mountainous terrain and an abundance of thick forests.
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  • Two Khmu ethnic minority women planting rice seeds in an upland field. In slash and burn cultivation, the man (usually) walks round the land with a big stick making small indentations in the soil. The woman follows behind throwing from quite a height and with incredible precision, a handful of rice into the hole.  When it next rains the soil will wash into the hole and cover the rice.
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  • A Khmu ethnic minority man lights a fire to burn the dry vegetation on his field, Ban Non Boun Kang, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0016833cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0016702cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • An Akha subsistence farmer scores opium poppies in an upland field in remote Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  After the petals fall from the opium poppy, the heads are incised with a 4 bladed tool; the tool is used to score the skin lightly from top to bottom. During the day, the sap oozes out of the cuts and hangs in tears on the poppy head. The next day the sap is then scraped into a metal container. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
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  • An Akha subsistence farmer scores opium poppies in an upland field in remote Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. After the petals fall from the opium poppy, the heads are incised with a 4 bladed tool; the tool is used to score the skin lightly from top to bottom. During the day, the sap oozes out of the cuts and hangs in tears on the poppy head. The next day the sap is then scraped into a metal container. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world.  From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent.  In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.
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  • Diverse landscape close by to the Hmong village of Ban Long Lan, Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR including forests, banana trees; teak trees and a upland rice field almost ready for harvesting.
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  • A Khmu woman stands in her upland rice field which is almost ready for harvesting, Ban Chaleunsouk, Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • A Hmong woman checking her rice whilst harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
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  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
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  • Wind turbines harnessing the natural green energy in the Scottish Borders on 3rd January 2021 in Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom. The wind farm, Longpark Wind Farm, is long established and part of the renewable energy production in Scotland. The farm sits in the hills above the village Stow, near Galashields in the Scottish Borders. In between the wind turbines sheep grass in the fields lightly covered by snow.
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