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  • Workers walks past rolls of imported timber at a dock in Shanghai, China on August 30th, 2009. While China has put a ban on the logging of the its limited remaining old growth forests, the country's ever growing appetite for timber is now exerting enormous pressure on the forests of South East Asia and eastern Russia, often in the form of illegal logging.
    QS090830Shanghai023.jpg
  • Workers walks past rolls of imported timber at a dock in Shanghai, China on August 30th, 2009. While China has put a ban on the logging of the its limited remaining old growth forests, the country's ever growing appetite for timber is now exerting enormous pressure on the forests of South East Asia and eastern Russia, often in the form of illegal logging.
    QS090830Shanghai010.jpg
  • New house construction using timber framing on 28th February 2020 in Breaux Bridge, Louisianna, United States.
    _E6A6095.jpg
  • Freshly-sawed planks piled up in a timber yard near a pine forest in rural Slovenia, on 18th June 2018, in Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-56-18-06-2018.jpg
  • Freshly-sawed planks piled up in a timber yard near a pine forest in rural Slovenia, on 18th June 2018, in Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-37-18-06-2018.jpg
  • Shengwu Lou round earth dwelling in the village of Jiaolu, Fujian Province.  View of interior of the home of Li Zheng Ying and children. Visible Kitchen, living room / eating room.                  These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minority group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong,even rhomboid. Shengwu Lou, was built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912) and still remains well preserved and lived in by a hand full of residents. The single - story inner ring and three -story outer ring are divided into 15 apartments that surround a courtyard  with a water well. Cokking and eating facilities are at ground level and all bedrooms and storage are spread over the upper floors.             Shengwu Lou round earth dwelling in the village of Jiaolu, Fujian Province.  Interior circular courtyard and living spaces with central water well, shared by residents and chickens and hens alike. These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minoritiy group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong,even rhomboid. Shengwu Lou, was built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912) and still remains wel
    chihakarou_041_1.jpg
  • Piles of trimmed timber logs awaiting shipment from a timber yard near Eureka, California. According to the American Forest and Paper Association, California has 99,599 acres of logging forest with the Forestry and logging industry employing 5,640 workers earning a payroll of $122,670. But recession has brought about a slump in the need for house-building materials and many have lost jobs though this industry still features large in the local and state economy, though in diminished form from the past.
    logging_industry01-25-10-1992.jpg
  • Typical old Alpine timber hut and Mount Sassongher  (2,665m) above Corvara in the Dolomites, south Tyrol, northern Italy. The oldest barns in this region are called Tierstaller and follow the same basic design: That of for warmth in the long, hard winters in the mountains and for coolness in the hot summers. But farming has changed dramatically in the Alps. Barns reflect and accompany this transformation. In villages and open landscapes, more and more barns are abandoned, used for other purposes, or falling into disrepair. Contemporary farmers build new barns for stockbreeding, fruit storage, and wine pressing. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    corvara_italy04-18-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Typical Tyrolean timber barn architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. The oldest barns in this region are called Tierstaller and follow the same basic design: That of for warmth in the long, hard winters in the mountains and for coolness in the hot summers. But farming has changed dramatically in the Alps. Barns reflect and accompany this transformation. In villages and open landscapes, more and more barns are abandoned, used for other purposes, or falling into disrepair. Contemporary farmers build new barns for stockbreeding, fruit storage, and wine pressing. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    badia_abtei12-17-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Corner of typical old Alpine timber hut in the Pralongià above San Cassiano-St. Kassian in the Dolomites, south Tyrol, northern Italy. In winter, the Pralongià meadows are the heart of Alta Badia’s skiing area. The oldest barns in this region are called Tierstaller and follow the same basic design: That of for warmth in the long, hard winters in the mountains and for coolness in the hot summers. But farming has changed dramatically in the Alps. Barns reflect and accompany this transformation. In villages and open landscapes, more and more barns are abandoned, used for other purposes, or falling into disrepair. Contemporary farmers build new barns for stockbreeding, fruit storage, and wine pressing. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    piz_sorega36-17-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Corner of typical old Alpine timber hut in the Pralongià above San Cassiano-St. Kassian in the Dolomites, south Tyrol, northern Italy. In winter, the Pralongià meadows are the heart of Alta Badia’s skiing area. The oldest barns in this region are called Tierstaller and follow the same basic design: That of for warmth in the long, hard winters in the mountains and for coolness in the hot summers. But farming has changed dramatically in the Alps. Barns reflect and accompany this transformation. In villages and open landscapes, more and more barns are abandoned, used for other purposes, or falling into disrepair. Contemporary farmers build new barns for stockbreeding, fruit storage, and wine pressing. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    piz_sorega35-17-07-2015_1.jpg
  • The Chuxi - Hakka- earth dwellings, Chuxi village, Fujian Province.  Interior circular courtyard and living spaces with central water well, shared by residents and chickens and dogs alike. These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minority group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong,even rhomboid. The Chuxi earth dwellings where built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912) and still remains well preserved and lived in by a hand full of residents. The single - story inner ring and three -story outer ring are divided into 15 apartments that surround a courtyard  with a water well. Cooking and eating facilities are at ground level and all bedrooms and storage are spread over the upper floors.
    chihakarou_042_1.jpg
  • Chengqi  round earth dwelling is considered the "king of Hakka earth buildings", Gaobei village, Fujian province,                  The bulding consists of four storeys plus four  inner circles containing a total of 400 rooms.          These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minority group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong, even rhomboid. Chengqi  was built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912)  estimated at about 300 years old and still remains well preserved and lived in by a hand full of residents. Cooking and eating facilities are at ground level and all bedrooms and storage are spread over the upper floors.
    chihakarou_038_1.jpg
  • Shengwu Lou round earth dwelling in the village of Jiaolu, Fujian Province.  Interior circular courtyard and living spaces with central water well, shared by residents and chickens and hens alike. These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minority group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong,even rhomboid. Shengwu Lou, was built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912) and still remains well preserved and lived in by a hand full of residents. The single - story inner ring and three -story outer ring are divided into 15 apartments that surround a courtyard  with a water well. Cokking and eating facilities are at ground level and all bedrooms and storage are spread over the upper floors.
    chihakarou_034_1.jpg
  • Shengwu Lou round earth dwelling in the village of Jiaolu, Fujian Province.  Interior circular courtyard and living spaces with central water well, shared by residents and chickens and hens alike. ar These are some of the most extraordinary multistory structures in China built exclusively out of earth and timber (they are known as tulou). From the outside they look and protect like fortresses, built principally by the ethnic minority group known as the Hakka. They where built principally in the 17th till the early 20th centuries. In all about 1000 remain standing today mostly centered around the mountainous regions of the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guandong. They where constructed in various shapes from circular, square, oblong,even rhomboid. Shengwu Lou, was built sometime in the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1912) and still remains well preserved and lived in by a hand full of residents. The single - story inner ring and three -story outer ring are divided into 15 apartments that surround a courtyard  with a water well. Cooking and eating facilities are at ground level and all bedrooms and storage are spread over the upper floors.
    chihakarou_008_1.jpg
  • Timber stocks ready for new housing in the southern Polish mountains, on 16th September 2019, Koscielisko, Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland. Local wealth has encouraged tourism apartments and short-stay properties in the Zakopane and Tatra National Park region, a very popular outdoor activity destination for city-dwelling Poles.
    poland-27-16-09-2019.jpg
  • The words Last On(e) written on a log in a north Somerset forest. Undergrowth is still green during a late autumn in this English countryside in the south-west of the country. The land is private and logging allowed to continue. The timber lies on the ground waiting for collection and sawing.
    wrington_walk09-26-10-2015_1.jpg
  • Timber stocks ready for new housing in the southern Polish mountains, on 16th September 2019, Koscielisko, Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland. Local wealth has encouraged tourism apartments and short-stay properties in the Zakopane and Tatra National Park region, a very popular outdoor activity destination for city-dwelling Poles.
    poland-28-16-09-2019.jpg
  • Timber stocks ready for new housing in the southern Polish mountains, on 16th September 2019, Koscielisko, Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland. Local wealth has encouraged tourism apartments and short-stay properties in the Zakopane and Tatra National Park region, a very popular outdoor activity destination for city-dwelling Poles.
    poland-25-16-09-2019.jpg
  • Timber stocks ready for new housing in the southern Polish mountains, on 16th September 2019, Koscielisko, Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland. Local wealth has encouraged tourism apartments and short-stay properties in the Zakopane and Tatra National Park region, a very popular outdoor activity destination for city-dwelling Poles.
    poland-26-16-09-2019.jpg
  • South London youth carries timber over his shoulder past the site entrance of the regeneration project at Elephant & Castle, London borough of Southwark. Southwark Council’s development partner, Lend Lease is regenerating over 28 acres across three sites at the heart of Elephant & Castle, in what is the last major regeneration opportunity in zone 1 London. The vision for the £1.5 billion regeneration is to build on the area’s strengths and vibrant character in order to re-establish Elephant & Castle as one of London’s most flourishing urban quarters. The Elephant & Castle regeneration is of a scale rarely seen in central London and includes almost 3,000 new homes, plus office, retail, community, leisure and restaurant space.
    elephant_and_castle21-22-04-2015_1.jpg
  • Scackleton sawmill manager Sally Edwards lifts a load of timber using a forklift truck, North Yorkshire, UK. The village of Scackleton is in the Howardian Hills AONB, a landscape with well-wooded rolling countryside, patchwork of arable and pasture fields, scenic villages and historic country houses with classic parkland landscapes.
    98-18_1_1.jpg
  • We look upwards to wooden panels on exterior walls of modern apartments overlooking the Thames on the Greenwich Peninsular, Bermondsey. The modern frames in aluminium material are angular, their right-angles cornered perfectly and set in the strips of clean and smooth timber. Sets of screws or rivets hold the outer facade in place to make this fine building situated on the river Thames in the UK capital. Greenwich Peninsula is one of the UK’s largest regeneration projects covering 190 acres. In partnership with the Greater London Authority and The Royal Borough of Greenwich, we are creating a new district for London including homes, offices, schools, shops and community facilities.
    wood_housing02-18-11-2012_1_1.jpg
  • A young girl pushes her wheelbarrow away from a wood stall that supplies building materials and fire timber in the 4 sq km Abu Shouk refugee camp which is (disputedly) home to 38,000 displaced persons and families on the outskirts of the front-line town of Al Fasher (also spelled, Al-Fashir) in north Darfur. The camp has 17 schools, clinics and commercial activity  based around a market, furniture manufacture and variety of cottage industries and a third of families in the camps are headed by women.
    sudan195-24-05-2009_1_1.jpg
  • A 14 year-old teenage boy jumps down off a pile of logs during a countryside walk with his pet dog. After running along the tops of the logs, being stored by a local landowner on a countryside path, the lad balances on the timber as he descends to the ground again. His dog is a muddy terrier cross who relishes the outing as much as the boy who is demonstrating a sense of adventure and boyhood in the great outdoors.
    sam_logs01-08-04-2012.jpg
  • Piles of sawn logs, ready for a winter home fire, stays dry under cover in a small holding shed. The ends of this timber is kept out of the weather, drying in readiness for the family hearth that heats the home. Originally tree trunks from nearby woodland, it has been chopped into quarters and sawn so its flat ends neatly fit into a tidy pile.
    log_pile02-08-04-2012.jpg
  • Piles of sawn logs, ready for a winter home fire, stays dry under cover in a small holding shed. The ends of this timber is kept out of the weather, drying in readiness for the family hearth that heats the home. Originally tree trunks from nearby woodland, it has been chopped into quarters and sawn so its flat ends neatly fit into a tidy pile.
    log_pile01-08-04-2012.jpg
  • A woman's eye a construction site hoarding peers over the top of a timber traffic barrier and wiring, on the corner of Limeburner Lane and Ludgate Hill, EC4. Yellow wiring and an illuminated red light alerts others to the industrial hazard. The construction and development company Skanska is responsible for its design, maintaining a clean and tidy site, separating the dangers of the site and Londoners at street level.
    construction_hoarding13-10-10-2013_1.jpg
  • A baby's face on a construction site hoarding peers over the top of a timber traffic barrier and wiring, on the corner of Limeburner Lane and Ludgate Hill, EC4. Yellow wiring and an illuminated red light alerts others to the industrial hazard. The construction and development company Skanska is responsible for its design, maintaining a clean and tidy site, separating the dangers of the site and Londoners at street level.
    construction_hoarding11-10-10-2013_1.jpg
  • Two men sleeping exhausted next to the entrance to a gold mine shaft. The mines in the small community near Bolgatange in Northern Ghana are dug with shovels and spades and held up by timber, all very precarious. The mine shafts go deep into the ground and run along under the surrounding fields. The small community which has sprung up around the gold finds consists of poor people from all over Northern Ghana,most of them now stuck, not making much money and in dept to their gold dealers.
    IMG_2713_1.jpg
  • A man is relaxing next to a hole leading into a gold mine, another coming out back into the day light. The mines in the small community near Bolgatange in Northern Ghana are dug with shovels and spades and held up by timber, all very precarious. The mine shafts go deep into the ground and run along under the surrounding fields. The small community which has sprung up around the gold finds consists of poor people from all over Northern Ghana,most of them now stuck, not making much money and in dept to their gold dealers.
    IMG_2688_1.jpg
  • Workmen repair the timbers of a traditional Polish mountain houses gable roof, on 16th September 2019, in Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-55-16-09-2019.jpg
  • Detail of logs and timbers in a traditional Slovenian barn in a rural village, on 19th June 2018, in Bohinjska Bela, Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-93-19-06-2018.jpg
  • The timbers of a traditional Slovenian barn in a rural village, on 19th June 2018, in Bohinjska Bela, Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-85-19-06-2018.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso with family have lunch together amid posters of Mao  Zedong and  the Dalai Lama in home close to the shores of Lugu Lake, northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_024-2_1.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso, 22,  at home with her parents, Lugu Lake, northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_039_1.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso visits a neighbour and mother of the mayor of the village on Lugu Lake, northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_037_1.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso feeds algae from Lugu lake to her chickens, donkey, and cows.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_034_1.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso, a Mo Suo minority girl returns home with a large basket strapped to her back containing the algae from the lake which she will then feed to her animals.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_033_1.jpg
  • Together with a Mo Suo friend Mu Ze Latso goes down to Lugu Lake to collect  a type of algae / plant which she then feeds to her livestock: hens, ducks,  pigs, cow, etc. northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_030-2_1.jpg
  • Mu Ze Latso working in  the family's courtyard with mother and father and a neighbour's child, close to  Lugu lake, northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_028_1.jpg
  • Close up of family meal in home close to the shores of Lugu Lake, northwest Yunnan province.<br />
<br />
Mo Suo people live along LuGu lake, northwest  Yunnan province. Since the population is not big enough, the Chinese government did not assign them as an independent minority. Mo Suo people belongs to the NaXi minority of LiJiang region. Mo Suo people have their own distinctive culture, religion and customs. Most significantly: Mo Suo people do not have a marriage System. Locally, they call their relationships a "walking marriage". <br />
A girl has her ADULT ceremony when she is 14, then she can start to wear the Mo Su costume and the family will give her a room that is called “Flower room”.<br />
Logically, she is allowed to take her boyfriend, since Mo Su family carries on by the mother's name, the son and the daughter stay with mother their whole lifes.<br />
When they are adults, the girl chooses her boyfriend. The boyfriend come to sleep in her room in the evening and leave for his mother's home in the morning. He belongs to his mother's family. She belongs to her mother's family, her children will be taken care of by her family: her mother, uncle, aunts, or sisters and brothers. Her children do not belongs to the boyfriend's family.<br />
Normally, the mother will pass her "power" to her eldest daughter when she is old and thus perpetuate the Mo Suo traditions.
    chilugu_026_1.jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a beautiful sunny mid summer morning, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on nearby beaches on the 13th of August 2020 in Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom.
    UK-Dungeness-Prospect-Cottage-7277.jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a beautiful sunny mid summer morning, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on nearby beaches on the 13th of August 2020 in Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom.
    UK-Dungeness-Prospect-Cottage-7286.jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a beautiful sunny mid summer morning, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on nearby beaches on the 13th of August 2020 in Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom.
    UK-Dungeness-Prospect-Cottage-7285.jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a beautiful sunny mid summer morning, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on nearby beaches on the 13th of August 2020 in Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom.
    UK-Dungeness-Prospect-Cottage-7268.jpg
  • Oak trees felled alongside the Fosse Way in connection with the HS2 high-speed rail link are pictured on 24th August 2020 in Offchurch, United Kingdom. The controversial HS2 infrastructure project is currently expected to cost £106bn and will destroy or significantly impact many irreplaceable natural habitats, including 108 ancient woodlands.
    MK-20200824-HS2-Fosse-Way-oak-tree-f...jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a misty winters day, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on the beaches of Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom on the 25th January 2020.
    UK-Dungeness-Propect-Cottage-5742.jpg
  • Near piles of chopped wood logs, a local hotel owner makes adjustments to solar panels that powers his guesthouse business in a remote Himalayan village, and for the sake of passing trekkers wanting hot showers after the climb up to this altitude, on 12th December, Ghorepani, Nepal. Ghorepani is at a height of 2874m 9429 ft and is located within the Annapurna Conservation Area ACA, requiring a national park permit to visit and contains a number of guest houses that provide lodging and meals to mountain trekkers, many of whom spend the night before a pre-dawn trek to the top of nearby Poon Hill 3210m/10531 ft to watch the sunrise.
    annapurna02-12-12-1997.jpg
  • Morning sunlight on traditional wooden Polish mountain architecture, on a house in the village of Jaworki, on 22nd September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-248-22-09-2019.jpg
  • An ornate wooden window of the Bocowka restaurant, a traditional mountain log cabin in southern Poland, on 21st September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-236-22-09-2019.jpg
  • Customers enjoy late-afternoon sunshine outside the Bocowka restaurant, a traditional mountain log cabin in southern Poland, on 21st September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-229-21-09-2019.jpg
  • A traditional Polish mountain shepherds hut selling cheeses to visitors, on 21st September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland. Log cabins houses such as these often sell Oszczypek, a smoked cheese made of salted sheep milk exclusively in the Tatra Mountains region of Poland.
    poland-215-21-09-2019.jpg
  • A hiking trail map outside the Bocowka restaurant, a traditional mountain log cabin in southern Poland, on 21st September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-199-21-09-2019.jpg
  • An interior of the small chapel of St. Jana Chrzciciela at the top of Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-121-17-09-2019.jpg
  • An interior of the small chapel of St. Jana Chrzciciela at the top of Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-120-17-09-2019.jpg
  • A landscape of traditional wooden agricultural huts on Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland. Along the distant hill is a forest of spruce trees which have been badly affected by the European spruce beetle. The European spruce beetle Ips typographus is one of 116 bark beetles species in Poland which is killing thousands of spruces. The insects population can grow rapidly via wind and snow etc. which eventually leaves a gap in the landscape, thereby changing the forest floors ecology.
    poland-119-17-09-2019.jpg
  • A mountain farmer walks past an agricultural hut on Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-115-17-09-2019.jpg
  • An traditional wooden agricultural hut on Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-117-17-09-2019.jpg
  • Pilgrims visit the small chapel of St. Jana Chrzciciela at the top of Polana Chocholowska a hiking route on Dolina Chocholowska in the Tatra National Park, on 17th September 2019, near Zakopane, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-113-17-09-2019.jpg
  • The detail of two sad bunting Union Jacks on the exterior of a red and white striped wooden beach hut, on 31st March 2019, in Whitstable, Kent, England.
    whitstable-04-31-03-2019.jpg
  • The detail of the colour samples being tried on the exterior of a wooden beach hut, on 31st March 2019, in Whitstable, Kent, England.
    whitstable-03-31-03-2019.jpg
  • A detail of intricate wooden carvings in the choir of St. Laurences Church, Ludlow, on 11th September 2018, in Ludlow, Shropshire, England UK.
    ludlow_church-13-11-09-2018.jpg
  • A detail of intricate wooden carvings in the choir of St. Laurences Church, Ludlow, on 11th September 2018, in Ludlow, Shropshire, England UK.
    ludlow_church-10-11-09-2018.jpg
  • The carved wooden eagle lectern in to St. Michael and All Angels church, on 10th September 2018, in Lingen, Herefordshire, England UK.
    lingen_church-05-10-09-2018.jpg
  • A crate of chopped logs for sale by a man called George for £130 on 10th September 2018, near Lingen, Herefordshire, England UK.
    herefordshire_walk-24-10-09-2018.jpg
  • A Slovenian herders mountain holiday hut in Velika Planina, on 26th June 2018, in Velika Planina, near Kamnik, Slovenia. Velika Planina is a mountain plateau in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps - a 5.8 square kilometres area 1,500 metres 4,900 feet above sea level. Otherwise known as The Big Pasture Plateau, Velika Planina is a winter skiing destination and hiking route in summer. The herders huts became popular in the early 1930s as holiday cabins known as bajtarstvo but these were were destroyed by the Germans during WW2 and rebuilt right afterwards by Vlasto Kopac in the summer of 1945.
    slovenia-480-26-06-2018.jpg
  • A Slovenian herders mountain holiday hut in Velika Planina, on 26th June 2018, in Velika Planina, near Kamnik, Slovenia. Velika Planina is a mountain plateau in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps - a 5.8 square kilometres area 1,500 metres 4,900 feet above sea level. Otherwise known as The Big Pasture Plateau, Velika Planina is a winter skiing destination and hiking route in summer. The herders huts became popular in the early 1930s as holiday cabins known as bajtarstvo but these were were destroyed by the Germans during WW2 and rebuilt right afterwards by Vlasto Kopac in the summer of 1945.
    slovenia-474-26-06-2018.jpg
  • Aerial view of old agricultural architecture and new housing in Skofja Loka, on 25th June 2018, in Skofja Loka, Slovenia.
    slovenia-347-25-06-2018.jpg
  • The wine press in the traditional Slovenian Barn at the Rogatec Open Air Museum, very close to the Croatian border, on 24th June 2018, in Rogatec, Slovenia. The museum of relocated and restored 19th and early 20th century farming buildings and houses represents folk architecture in the area south of the Donacka Gora and Boc mountains.
    slovenia-294-24-06-2018.jpg
  • The wooden roof of a municipal building beneath the highest peaks in the Slovenian Julian Alps, on 22nd June 2018, in Trenta, Triglav National Park, Slovenia. Nearby mountains are Kreiski 2050m, Pihavec 2419m, Dolina Zadnjica and Triglav 2864m.
    slovenia-226-22-06-2018.jpg
  • The wooden roof of a municipal building beneath the highest peaks in the Slovenian Julian Alps, on 22nd June 2018, in Trenta, Triglav National Park, Slovenia. Nearby mountains are Kreiski 2050m, Pihavec 2419m, Dolina Zadnjica and Triglav 2864m.
    slovenia-225-22-06-2018.jpg
  • Drying maize in a rural Slovenian village, on 19th June 2018, in Bohinjska Bela, Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-95-19-06-2018.jpg
  • Detail of the wood panels of a traditional Slovenian barn in a rural village, on 19th June 2018, in Bohinjska Bela, Bled, Slovenia.
    slovenia-91-19-06-2018.jpg
  • A workman with a tattoo on his arm carries a bundle of short wooden planks on his shoulder, about to cross Westminster Bridge towards the Houses of Parliament, on 12th September 2017, in London, England.
    southbank_people-11-12-09-2017.jpg
  • Alpine huts on the Siusi plateau, above the South Tyrolean town of Ortisei-Sankt Ulrich in the Dolomites, Italy. The Alpe di Siusi is the biggest high-alpine pasture in Europe with a surface of 57 km² and its altitude range from 1680 to 2350 m above sea level. This high-alpine pasture is located in the heart of the Dolomites. A mostly older generation of farmers work the land in this high area, known for its summer hiking trails and skiing pistes.
    siusi_dolomites17-15-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Wide architecture of a typical Tyrolean barn in Pransasores, a Dolomites hamlet in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. The oldest barns in this region are called Tierstaller and follow the same basic design: That of for warmth in the long, hard winters in the mountains and for coolness in the hot summers. But farming has changed dramatically in the Alps. Barns reflect and accompany this transformation. In villages and open landscapes, more and more barns are abandoned, used for other purposes, or falling into disrepair. Contemporary farmers build new barns for stockbreeding, fruit storage, and wine pressing.
    badia_pransasores04-19-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Modern Tyrolean house architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. Wooden panelling and slats have been retained as the traditional style of the area has seen over centuries. Life expectancy for south Tyroleans is 85 for females and 80 for males, higher than Italian national averages. According to the 2011 census, there are 505,000 inhabitants in south Tyrol, the same as Dublin, Copenhagen and Dresden. In the 2011 census, 91.3% of the population speak German, 7.9% Italian and 0.8% spoke the ancient Ladin langauge as their mother tongue. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    badia_abtei45-19-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Typical Tyrolean architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. San Leonardo (Sankt Leonhard in German , San Linert in Ladin ) is a tourist Italian , located in the municipality of Badia ( Val Badia , Trentino-Alto Adige ), populated mostly by people who speak the ancient  Ladin language.
    badia_abtei47-19-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Typical Tyrolean architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. San Leonardo (Sankt Leonhard in German , San Linert in Ladin ) is a tourist Italian , located in the municipality of Badia ( Val Badia , Trentino-Alto Adige ), populated mostly by people who speak the ancient  Ladin language.
    badia_abtei49-19-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Modern Tyrolean house architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. Wooden panelling and slats have been retained as the traditional style of the area has seen over centuries. Life expectancy for south Tyroleans is 85 for females and 80 for males, higher than Italian national averages. According to the 2011 census, there are 505,000 inhabitants in south Tyrol, the same as Dublin, Copenhagen and Dresden. In the 2011 census, 91.3% of the population speak German, 7.9% Italian and 0.8% spoke the ancient Ladin langauge as their mother tongue. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    badia_abtei43-19-07-2015_1.jpg
  • Modern Tyrolean house architecture in Leonhard-St Leonardo, a Dolomites village in the Badia region of south Tyrol, Italy. Wooden panelling and slats have been retained as the traditional style of the area has seen over centuries. Life expectancy for south Tyroleans is 85 for females and 80 for males, higher than Italian national averages. According to the 2011 census, there are 505,000 inhabitants in south Tyrol, the same as Dublin, Copenhagen and Dresden. In the 2011 census, 91.3% of the population speak German, 7.9% Italian and 0.8% spoke the ancient Ladin langauge as their mother tongue. San Leonardo is in the municipality of Badia populated mostly by people who speak the ancient Ladin language.
    badia_abtei17-17-07-2015_1.jpg
  • The number 8 has been sprayed in aerosol on to a tree bark to identify its location in an English wood. Sunlight is pouring on to this remote corner of woodland on the lower slopes of Sutton Bank, North Yorkshire, on the edge of the North Yorks Moors National Park. Foresters often ID chosen trees for felling or for marking boundaries.
    8_tree03-30-09-2014_1.jpg
  • The number 8 has been sprayed in aerosol on to a tree bark to identify its location in an English wood. Sunlight is pouring on to this remote corner of woodland on the lower slopes of Sutton Bank, North Yorkshire, on the edge of the North Yorks Moors National Park. Foresters often ID chosen trees for felling or for marking boundaries.
    8_tree01-30-09-2014_1.jpg
  • Throwing logs into the back of a trailer at Scackleton Sawmill, North Yorkshire, UK. Scackleton village is in the Howardian Hills AONB, a landscape with well-wooded rolling countryside, patchwork of arable and pasture fields, scenic villages and historic country houses with classic parkland landscapes.
    94-06_1_1.jpg
  • An auctioneer's sign announces an upcoming woodland sale by auction for private land in north Somerset. Surrounded by tall beech trees the sign shows details for the sale including the name of auction holder's name Hollis Morgan and information of the land's 6.5 acre plot of prime woods with sporting (shooting) rights. Dead leaves from the previous autumn mulch down underfoot where Victorian lime mines were once a thriving local industry.
    woods_auction07-06-04-2012_1.jpg
  • An auctioneer's sign announces an upcoming woodland sale by auction for private land in north Somerset. Surrounded by tall beech trees the sign shows details for the sale including the name of auction holder's name Hollis Morgan and information of the land's 6.5 acre plot of prime woods with sporting (shooting) rights. Dead leaves from the previous autumn mulch down underfoot where Victorian lime mines were once a thriving local industry.
    woods_auction04-06-04-2012_1_1.jpg
  • A woman farmer taps dripping resin from a rubber tree in a plantation on Pulau Langkawi Island, Malaysia. We see the lady surrounded by even rows of trees, all carefully spaced when planted. Each cool evening the tapper removes a thin layer of bark along a downward half spiral on the tree trunk. She makes an incision in the bark of the tree and fluid then drains into a collecting vessel. If done carefully and with skill, this tapping panel will yield latex for up to 5 years. Malaysia is one of the top exporters of natural rubber. Langkawi is an archipelago of 99 islands in the Andaman Sea, some 30 km off the mainland coast of northwestern Malaysia.
    RB_100-16-05-1981.jpg
  • High in the mountains, within the tree line of this harsh Asian climate, a lone tree stands as testament to the deforestation problem in the Himalayas, wood used for tourist showers. Communities here partly-depend on the agriculture of rice-growing but also on the passing tourist trade. Western trekkers from all over the world walk through these tiny communities on their way up the series of climbing trails of the Annapurna Conservation Sanctuary circuit, a sometimes rigorous walk from the low hills of Pokhara to the higher altitudes of Annapurna, the (26,000 feet (8,000 metre) peak. To be greeted by so much choice is the most rewarding experience and the offer of hot showers is about the best reward for so much exertion.
    annapurna_sanctuary01-12-12-1997_1.jpg
  • A John Deere Timberjack felling trees in sustainable woodland in Suffolk, United Kingdom.  The machine chops down and processes a tree ready for chipping in about 90 seconds. This area of the UK is rich in woodland and this wood can provide a sustainable source of heat when used in efficient boilers. This is exactly what local schools are doing thanks to the local council which is managing the resource while supplying wood-fuel for heating. The initiative saves the schools energy, reduces CO2 emissions by 1,200 tonnes a year and cuts their fuel bills by up to 25%.  Suffolk County Council won an Ashden Award for its approach to susatainability.
    10-suffolk-2851.jpg
  • A John Deere Timberjack felling trees in sustainable woodland in Suffolk, United Kingdom.  The machine chops down and processes a tree ready for chipping in about 90 seconds. This area of the UK is rich in woodland and this wood can provide a sustainable source of heat when used in efficient boilers. This is exactly what local schools are doing thanks to the local council which is managing the resource while supplying wood-fuel for heating. The initiative saves the schools energy, reduces CO2 emissions by 1,200 tonnes a year and cuts their fuel bills by up to 25%.  Suffolk County Council won an Ashden Award for its approach to susatainability.
    10-suffolk-2841.jpg
  • A small camp recently set up by anti-HS2 activists using wood and other resources donated by local residents is pictured on 6 October 2020 in Calvert, United Kingdom. The camp, which is situated close to the Calvert Jubilee nature reserve where many trees have recently been felled by contractors working on behalf of HS2 Ltd, is one of several such protest camps set up by activists in order to resist the controversial £106bn HS2 high-speed rail link.
    MK-20201006-HS2-Calvert-camp-001.jpg
  • A site where tree felling is currently taking place for the HS2 high-speed rail link is pictured on 11 September 2020 in Denham Green, United Kingdom. Many thousands of trees have already been felled for the HS2 project in the Colne Valley and tree felling is currently taking place in Denham Green, Denham and Harefield.
    MK-20200911-HS2-Denham-and-Denham-Gr...jpg
  • Prospect Cottage on a beautiful sunny mid summer morning, made famous by film maker Derek Jarman who found inspiration at Dungeness, where he created a shingle garden made from debris he found on nearby beaches on the 13th of August 2020 in Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom.
    UK-Dungeness-Prospect-Cottage-7270.jpg
  • Oak trees felled alongside the Fosse Way in connection with the HS2 high-speed rail link are pictured on 24th August 2020 in Offchurch, United Kingdom. The controversial HS2 infrastructure project is currently expected to cost £106bn and will destroy or significantly impact many irreplaceable natural habitats, including 108 ancient woodlands.
    MK-20200824-HS2-Fosse-Way-oak-tree-f...jpg
  • After tree surgeons severed the branches from a 100 year-old but diseased ash tree, the remaining logs lie on the ground in Ruskin Park, Lambeth, on 30th June 2020, in London, England.
    ruskin_park-02-30-06-2020.jpg
  • After tree surgeons severed the branches from a 100 year-old but diseased ash tree, the remaining logs lie on the ground in Ruskin Park, Lambeth, on 30th June 2020, in London, England.
    ruskin_park-01-30-06-2020.jpg
  • A walker and hiking trail map outside the Bocowka log restaurant, a traditional mountain log cabin in southern Poland, on 21st September 2019, in Jaworki, near Szczawnica, Malopolska, Poland.
    poland-232-22-09-2019.jpg
  • The detail of the many padlocks on the exterior of a wooden beach hut, on 31st March 2019, in Whitstable, Kent, England.
    whitstable-02-31-03-2019.jpg
  • A detail of intricate wooden carvings in the choir of St. Laurences Church, Ludlow, on 11th September 2018, in Ludlow, Shropshire, England UK.
    ludlow_church-12-11-09-2018.jpg
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