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  • Elizabeth 12, an ethnic Kayaw girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033098cc_1.jpg
  • Elizabeth 12, an ethnic Kayaw girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033069cc_1.jpg
  • Elizabeth 12, an ethnic Kayaw girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033068cc_1.jpg
  • Elizabeth 12, an ethnic Kayaw girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033092cc_1.jpg
  • Der Her 65 an ethnic Karen Sgaw woman from the Chiang  Dao mountains at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033242cc_1.jpg
  • Der Her 65 an ethnic Karen Sgaw woman from the Chiang  Dao mountains at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033254cc_1.jpg
  • Der Her 65 an ethnic Karen Sgaw woman from the Chiang  Dao mountains at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033246cc_1.jpg
  • Der Her 65 an ethnic Karen Sgaw woman from the Chiang  Dao mountains at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists  at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033232cc_1.jpg
  • NangTiat 63 an ethnic Hmong woman from Chiang Mai province at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033321cc_1.jpg
  • NangTiat 63 an ethnic Hmong woman from Chiang Mai province at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033324cc_1.jpg
  • Som 20 an ethnic Kayaw woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033305cc_1.jpg
  • Som 20 an ethnic Kayaw woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033312cc_1.jpg
  • Se Su 60 an ethnic Lahu woman from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033298cc_1.jpg
  • Se Su 60 an ethnic Lahu woman from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033290cc_1.jpg
  • An ethnic Yao/Mien woman from Chiang Rai province at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033275cc_1.jpg
  • Se Su 60 an ethnic Lahu woman from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033287cc_1.jpg
  • Paluang woman Hin 45 was born in Myanmar in Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists.
    A0033190cc_1.jpg
  • Ja Sat 67 an ethnic Lahu man from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033216cc_1.jpg
  • Ja Sat 67 an ethnic Lahu man from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033209cc_1.jpg
  • Paluang woman Hin 45 was born in Myanmar in Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists.
    A0033184cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033134cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033146cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033132cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033170cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Hui 10, an ethnic Kayan girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033120cc_1.jpg
  • Maria 10, an ethnic Kayaw girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033074cc_1.jpg
  • Dta Mi 7, an ethnic Kayan girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033109cc_1.jpg
  • Maria 10, an ethnic Kayaw girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033073cc_1.jpg
  • Maria 10, an ethnic Kayaw girl at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033088cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    B0033148cc_1.jpg
  • NangTiat 63 an ethnic Hmong woman from Chiang Mai province at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033313cc_1.jpg
  • Se Su 60 an ethnic Lahu woman from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033293cc_1.jpg
  • Som 20 an ethnic Kayaw woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033306cc_1.jpg
  • Ja Sat 67 an ethnic Lahu man from Laos at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033227cc_1.jpg
  • Paluang woman Hin 45 was born in Myanmar in Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists.
    A0033187cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033162cc_1.jpg
  • Dta Mi 7, an ethnic Kayan girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033124cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Hui 10, an ethnic Kayan girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033117cc_1.jpg
  • Ma Su 20 an ethnic Kayan woman and her baby daughter from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033128cc_1.jpg
  • Dta Mi 7, an ethnic Kayan girl from Myanmar at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033112cc_1.jpg
  • Ethnic Kayaw girls at Baan Tong Luang, Eco-Agricultural Hill Tribes Village on 7th June 2016 in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The fabricated village is home to 8 different hill tribes who make a living from selling their handicrafts and having their photos taken by tourists
    A0033051cc_1.jpg
  • Wild fern shoots wrapped in banana leaves for sale at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The small town of Pak Nam Noi hosts a weekly market which is the meeting place for villagers from the nearby hill tribe villages and a place to sell their home grown produce.  It also sells a wide range of Chinese goods including clothes, toiletries and food products.
    A0017152cc_1.jpg
  • A Ko Pala ethnic minority woman sells wild fern shoots wrapped in banana leaves at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. The small town of Pak Nam Noi hosts a weekly market which is the meeting place for villagers from the nearby hill tribe villages and a place to sell their home grown produce.  It also sells a wide range of Chinese goods including clothes, toiletries and food products.
    A0017146cc_1.jpg
  • Ko Pala ethnic minority women walk several kilometres from their villages to sell their home grown products to local people at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The small town of Pak Nam Noi hosts a weekly market which is the meeting place for villagers from the nearby hill tribe villages and a place to sell their home grown produce.  It also sells a wide range of Chinese goods including clothes, toiletries and food products.
    A0017142cc_1.jpg
  • A Phunoi ethnic minority subsistence farmer accompanied by her young son clears her land by slashing and burning to grow hill rice and coffee as a cash crop in Ban Sinesai; Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The practise is gradually being taken over by the planting of permanent cash crops such as coffee.
    A0016610cc_1.jpg
  • A Phunoi ethnic minority subsistence farmer clears her land by slashing and burning to grow hill rice and coffee as a cash crop in Ban Sinesai; Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The practise is gradually being taken over by the planting of permanent cash crops such as coffee.
    A0016635cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha Oma man from Ban Na Nam village harvests his hill rice. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A_11316cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha Oma woman from Ban Na Nam village eats sunflower seeds as a snack during a break from harvesting hill rice with a sickle. Upland rice is the main crop grown by Lao shifting cultivators but several other crops including sunflowers are often grown in smaller quantities in the same plot.  Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A_11338cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026236cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026228cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman checking her rice whilst harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026352cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026340cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026317cc_1.jpg
  • A Hmong woman harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026229cc_1.jpg
  • Hmong women harvesting 'khao kam' (brown sticky rice) in the village of Ban Chalern, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Slash and burn cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao PDR consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation. The remote and roadless village of Ban Chalern is situated along  Nam Ou river and will be relocated due to the construction of the Nam Ou Cascade Hydropower Project Dam 7.
    A0026218cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman taking a break from collecting the harvested glutinous rice on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019748cc_1.jpg
  • A pregnant White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019686cc_1.jpg
  • After drying on the upland field for several days, an Akha Cherpia ethnic minority woman threshes the rice sheaves with a wooden threshing tool to remove the grain before carrying back to the village in sacks.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019868cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019728cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019715cc_1.jpg
  • A pregnant White Hmong ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019687cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority woman wearing her traditional clothing harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019665cc_1.jpg
  • A young Akha Pouli ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019596cc_1.jpg
  • A young Akha Pouli ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019587rtcc_1.jpg
  • After drying on the upland field for several days, an Akha Cherpia family thresh the rice sheaves to remove the grain which will then be put into sacks and carried back to the village. Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019850cc_1.jpg
  • A White Hmong ethnic minority family take a break from collecting the harvested glutinous rice on an upland field, Ban Hauywai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019767cc_1.jpg
  • A young Akha Pouli ethnic minority woman harvesting glutinous rice using a sickle, on an upland field, Ban Pichermai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.  Compared to more modern sedentary lowland farmers, shifting cultivators generally use much fewer purchased inputs.  The main inputs are family labour, hand tools and seeds. Purchased fertilisers are never used on sloping land.
    A0019611cc_1.jpg
  • After drying on the upland field for several days, an Akha Cherpia ethnic minority man threshes the rice sheaves with a wooden threshing tool to remove the grain before carrying it back to the village in sacks.  Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019810cc_1.jpg
  • After threshing the rice in the upland field, an Akha Cherpia ethnic minority couple transfer the grain into sacks to carry down to the village. Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
    A0019834cc_1.jpg
  • A view of the Mouchi ethnic minority village of Ban Terka, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR.
    A0018945cc_1.jpg
  • Slash and burn landscape in the Phunoi ethnic minority village of Sinesai, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. Swidden cultivation or ‘hai’ in Lao consists of cutting the natural vegetation, leaving it to dry and then burning it for temporary cropping of the land, the ash acting as a natural fertiliser. Shifting cultivation practices, although remarkably sustainable and adapted to their environment in the past, have come under increasing stress in recent decades and are now starting to be a major problem in Lao PDR, causing widespread deforestation and watershed degradation.
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  • In the remote Akha Nuquie ethnic minority village of Ban Chakhampa, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, women's first task of the day is to collect water and carry it back to the village in traditional bamboo water carriers. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
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  • White Hmong girls dancing at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0020739cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong girls watch others playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020670cc_1.jpg
  • In the remote and roadless Akha Nuquie ethnic minority village of Ban Chakhampa, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, young girls first task of the day is collect water using a gourd scoop and carry it back to the village in traditional bamboo water carriers. Although there is a small basic school in Ban Chakhampa, it is still rare for girls in such remote villages to go to school because they are required to help their families with jobs at home.
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  • In the remote and roadless Akha Nuquie ethnic minority village of Ban Chakhampa, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, young girls first task of the day is collect water using a plastic scoop and carry it back to the village in traditional bamboo water carriers. Although there is a small basic school in Ban Chakhampa, it is still rare for girls in such remote villages to go to school because they are required to help their families with jobs at home.
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  • A Ko Loma ethnic minority woman weaves ribbon on a loom outside her home which she will use to decorate her traditional clothing, Ban Lao Leo, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR.  In some areas, Loma women still grow, gin and spin cotton into thread and set up their looms outdoors for weaving cotton. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0015631cc_1.jpg
  • A Ko Loma ethnic minority woman weaves home grown, organic cotton fabric on a basic loom outside her home in Chalakao, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR.  In some areas, Loma women still grow, gin and spin cotton into thread and set up their looms outdoors for weaving cotton. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
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  • A Ko Pala ethnic minority woman sews traditional clothing at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0015491cc_1.jpg
  • An Akha Cherpia ethnic minority woman prepares to begin weaving homegrown cotton on her loom outside her home in Ban Phi Mayai village, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0014386cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of a 15 year old married Akha Nuquie ethnic minority woman sewing outside her home in Ban Pang Hok Kao village, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR.  She is wearing the Akha Nuquie traditional costume made from hand woven cotton and dyed with indigo and decoarated with hand embroidery typical of the Akha Nuquie sub-group; the high headdress distinguishes her as a married women. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0013863cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of a Ko Pala ethnic minority woman wearing her traditional clothing at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
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  • Portrait of a Akha Ya-er woman wearing her traditional headdress at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
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  • A portrait of a Ko Pala ethnic minority woman carrying a headstrap basket at Pak Nam Noi market, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
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  • In the remote Akha Nuquie ethnic minority village of Ban Peryenxangmai, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, women's first task of the day is to collect water using a gourd scoop and carry it back to the village in traditional bamboo water carriers. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
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  • Hmong Der (White Hmong) women playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Km 52 Hmong New Year festival, Vientiane province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls (or tennis balls) to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0028545cc_1.jpg
  • A 15 year old married Akha Nuquie ethnic minority woman sewing outside her home in Ban Pang Hok Kao village, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR.  She is wearing the Akha Nuquie traditional costume made from hand woven cotton and dyed with indigo and decoarated with hand embroidery typical of the Akha Nuquie sub-group; the high headdress distinguishes her as a married women. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0013871cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong girl holding a cloth ball for playing the ball throwing game of  ‘pov pob’ at Ban Nakhao Hmong New Year festival, Houaphan province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0021452cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of White Hmong girls wearing contemporary Hmong traditional costume at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020788cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong men and women playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020689cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong men and women playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020685cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong girl holding a cloth ball for playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020676cc_1.jpg
  • White Hmong men and women playing the ball throwing game of ‘pov pob’ at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. ‘Pov pob’ is a formalised courting ritual where unmarried men and women face each other in a line and toss cloth balls to one another using only one hand. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
    A0020660cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of a young White Hmong girl wearing contemporary Hmong traditional costume at Ban Hauywai Hmong New Year festival, Phongsaly province, Lao PDR. The Hmong celebration of New Year is based on the lunar calendar. This important time is an opportunity to honour ancestors and spirits through offerings and rituals and to partake in games, sports, feasts, shows, bullfights and courtship. The Hmong are the third largest ethnic group in Laos. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.
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  • A married Ko Pala ethnic minority woman wears her traditional costume at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The brightly coloured, flamboyant costumes of the young Pala women are in contrast to the more conservative clothing of their elders. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals.  Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0019967cc_1.jpg
  • A married Ko Pala ethnic minority woman wears her traditional costume at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The brightly coloured, flamboyant costumes of the young Pala women are in contrast to the more conservative clothing of their elders. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0019965cc_1.jpg
  • Porpae, an unmarried Ko Pala ethnic minority girl sews her traditional costume at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0019174cc_1.jpg
  • Porpae, an unmarried Ko Pala ethnic minority girl wears her traditional costume at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The brightly coloured, flamboyant costumes of the young Pala women are in contrast to the more conservative clothing of their elders. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0019006cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of Porpae, an unmarried Ko Pala ethnic minority girl wearing her traditional costume at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The brightly coloured, flamboyant costumes of the young Pala women are in contrast to the more conservative clothing of their elders. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
    A0019005cc_1.jpg
  • Portrait of Eupae, a married Ko Pala ethnic minority woman at home, Ban Honglerk, Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. The conservative clothing of the older Pala women is in contrast to the brightly coloured, flamboyant constumes of the young Pala women. One of the most ethnically diverse countries in Southeast Asia, Laos has 49 officially recognised ethnic groups although there are many more self-identified and sub groups. These groups are distinguished by their own customs, beliefs and rituals. Details down to the embroidery on a shirt, the colour of the trim and the type of skirt all help signify the wearer's ethnic and clan affiliations.
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